A formal framework is first proposed for conformance testing of communication systems, which are modeled by labeled transition systems, in a systematic and operational approach. In this framework, test cases are limited to deterministic processes with finite behavior and state labels; testing is a finite set of experiments where every test case is parallelly composed with an implementation under test; observations are action sequences, executed during the testing, from which the test verdict is drawn directly. The fault model and fault coverage criteria are introduced to measure the effectiveness of testing. Afterwards, based on this framework, for several common conformance relations, we present corresponding functions for the state labeling of test cases and upper bounds on the necessary sizes of test suites for obtaining complete fault coverage.
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