The factors affecting pollution-layer conductivity are reported and discussed. Pollution-layer conductivity is shown to depend on the contamination material, the wetting method, and the pollution-layer density. Tests to simulate pollution conditions in the desert and near cement factories are also discussed. The tests were carried out using the cap-and-pin type of insulator, which is commonly used in overhead networks in Egypt and neighboring countries. The process of wetting the polluted surfaces of transmission line insulators has a great effect on the conductivities and flashover voltages of the transmission line insulators.
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