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Total Coloring of Outer- 1-planar Graphs: The Cold Case

机译:一维平面图的总着色:冷情况

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A graph is outer-1-planar if it has a drawing in the plane so that its vertices are on the boundary face and each edge is crossed at most once. Zhang (2013) proved that the total chromatic number of every outer-1-planar graph with maximum degree △ ≥ 5 is △ + 1, and showed that there are graphs with maximum degree 3 and total chromatic number 5. For outer-1-planar graphs with maximum degree 4, Zhang (2017) confirmed that its total chromatic number is at most 5 if it admits an outer-1-planar drawing in the plane so that any two pairs of crossing edges share at most one common end vertex. In this paper, we prove that the total chromatic number of every Anicop graph with maximum degree 4 is at most 5, where an Anicop graph is an outer-1-planar graph that admits a drawing in the plane so that if there are two pairs of crossing edges sharing two common end vertices, then any of those two pairs of crossing edges would not share any end vertex with some other pair of crossing edges. This result generalizes the one of Zhang (2017) and moves a step towards the complete solving of the cold case.
机译:如果图形在平面中具有图形,则图形是外1平面的,因此其顶点在边界面上,并且每个边缘最多交叉一次。 Zhang(2013)证明,最大度△≥5的每个外1平面图的总色数为△+ 1,并表明存在最大度为3且总色数为5的图。 Zhang(2017)证实最大度数为4的平面图,如果它允许在平面中接受外1平面图,则任何两对交叉边最多共享一个公共端顶点,则其总色数最多为5。在本文中,我们证明了每个最大度数为4的Anicop图的总色度数最多为5,其中Anicop图是一个外部1平面图,该平面允许一个平面上的一个图面,因此如果有两对的交叉边缘共享两个公共的端点顶点,那么这两对交叉边缘中的任何一个都不会与其他一对交叉边缘共享任何端点。该结果推广了Zhang(2017)的观点,并朝着彻底解决感冒案迈出了一步。

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