Contributing factors to Alzheimer’s Disease and biomarker identification techniques.

摘要

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and it affects 44 million people worldwide. There are several risk factors, genetic as well as environmental, linked with AD. The most common genetic factors include mutations in amyloid precursor protein, in Presenilin1 and in Presenilin2. Like most disease, early AD diagnosis is extremely important for the progression of the disease as well as the implementation of the most effective treatment. Biomarkers are most commonly utilized for disease diagnosis as well as disease prediction. There is a variety of different biomarkers that can be derived from a range of sources and are generally characterised as biological, computational or digital. AD biomarkers include genetic biomarkers (APP, APOE e4, PSEN1 and PSEN2), plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and $mathrm{A}eta$ as well as neuroimaging biomarkers. The goal is to summarize the main genetic as well as environmental factors that contribute to AD, the techniques that allow for their identification as well as possible novel biomarkers worth further examination.