HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING USING GIS CAPABILITIES FOR Jos PLATEAU, CENTRAL NIGERIA

摘要

Hydrological representations of real time measurements using field experiments alone is a complex, difficult and an expensive preposition to embark on due to the relevant spatial scales and especially at regional coverage. Obtaining full knowledge of the landscape characteristics of a region provides and identifies several important elements of the environment such as its hydrologic flow paths, distributed state variables of soil moisture, groundwater flow, run-off, sediment and contamination transport. In this study, computational resources with powerful treatments of uncertainties in hydrological modelling were put to use through the capabilities of GIS and ASTER-DEM data of Plateau state North central Nigeria covering an area of 26,800 km2. The need for geoscience application to hydraulics, geology and geomorphology has continued to grow because such make available automatic delineation of flow paths, sub watersheds and channel networks of the hydrology in 2D and 3D representations. A composite hydrological model achieved for the Jos Plateau, central Nigeria revealed clearly the source of 5 important rivers that flows into neighbouring states (Bauchi, Kaduna, Hadejia, Yobe and Adamawa) using the hydrology tools of ArcGIS version 10.3 software.