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WALKING OF LONG PIPELINES WITH MULTIPLE BUCKLES: CAN A TREND BE TRUSTED?

机译:带有多个带扣的长管道的行走:趋势可以信赖吗?

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Walking of long pipelines with multiple buckles is usually self-limiting. The buckles break the 'long' pipeline into multiple 'short' ones that are prone to walk. However, as temperature decays over the length of the pipeline, the 'short' sections further downstream might become cyclically constrained and eventually anchor the full pipeline length. Walking of the hot end would then slow down and cease. This tapering down can take a large number of cycles, and not seem obvious when after a fair number of cycles, a small value of accumulated axial displacement per cycle is still observed in FEA. Often, designers would stop the analyses at some stage and assume the small rate will continue indefinitely. This can be overconservative, as a limit will often exist - which is demonstrated using first principles in the paper. On the other hand, extrapolating without full understanding of the underlying processes can be dangerous. For some particular conditions, the trend can suddenly change after continuing unaltered for many cycles. This paper illustrates such change in behavior with the example of a fictitious pipeline seeing a gentle, gradual increase in operational temperature over time. The exercise shows that, after the trend has apparently settled, at a given point the rate of walking can increase again. The conditions that trigger it are shown to be predictable.
机译:具有多个带扣的长管道的行走通常是自限的。搭扣将“多头”管道分成多个易于行走的“短头”管道。但是,随着温度在管道的整个长度上衰减,下游的“短”部分可能会受到循环约束,并最终锚定整个管道的长度。热端的走动将减慢并停止。逐渐变细可能需要花费大量的周期,而在相当数量的周期后,在FEA中仍观察到较小的每周期累积轴向位移值,这种情况似乎并不明显。通常,设计人员会在某个阶段停止分析,并假设小比率将无限期地继续下去。这可能是过于保守的,因为通常会存在一个限制-在本文中使用第一个原理就可以证明这一点。另一方面,在未完全了解基本过程的情况下进行推断可能很危险。对于某些特定条件,在连续多个周期保持不变后,趋势可能会突然改变。本文以一个虚拟管道为例说明了这种行为的变化,该虚拟管道的工作温度随时间逐渐升高。练习表明,在趋势明显趋于稳定之后,在给定的点处,行走速度可以再次增加。触发它的条件显示是可预测的。

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