"Two literacies and three languages" are used by Hong Kong people. In Hong Kong non-Chinese speaking students are trilingual speakers: they speak their mother language, English and Chinese (Cantonese or Putonghua). Since Urdu speakers make up a large portion of the population among non-Chinese speaking students, the study chose Pakistani students from a local secondary school as subjects and examined the perceived accent of new and similar vowels in Hong Kong Cantonese produced by non-native speakers and rated by native listeners. The results show that language learners got much more accent in producing the new vowels than the similar vowels. It also demonstrated that the use of Cantonese (L3) correlated closest to the accent scores, followed by Urdu (L1) use and age-related factors.
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