VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, BIODIVERSITY AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO FARMER'S LIVELIHOOD WITH POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE BENEFIT SHEARING MECHANISM OF FORESTGARDEN FARMING SYSTEMS OF THREE DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN SRI LANKA.

摘要

Forestgarden (FG) farming is one of dominant upland farming system in Sri Lanka which has been coevolving over the thousands of years as human-ecological system. Analogforestry(AF) is the silvicultural method that develop base on forest garden farming system and principle of system ecology. Forest Garden Products (FGP) certificate is the accredited organic certification system that developed based on IFOAM organic standards fair trade standards. Famer communities subjected to the study, produce various forestgarden products under FGP standards. Ecosystem Service(ES) and livelihoods are the important components of human-ecological system. These two components show strong relationship. This study was aim to analyze these components individually as well their relationship. Spatially mapping also other key object in this study. Analysis of potential to initiate payment for ecosystem service(PES) programme ,ES related policy aspects and AF principle based silvicultural context of forestgardnes also were important objectives in the study. Etanwala, Owilla ans Kadanbewa were sample villages relevant to agro-ecological zone IMlb, WM3b and IL3 respectively. Total ecosystem approach was followed for quantification of ES and field experimental approach in contrast with earlier value transfer method were adopted assess monitory values of ES. Biodiversity quadrant and biodiversity transect were practiced for the biodiversity survey. Evaluation of analog forestry principle based silvicultural background of FG and assessment of carbon stock were include as biophysical component of the study . Socio economic components in the study was consist with structure questionnaire survey, formal discussions and structured interview. Spatial mapping of ecosystem service was done using with Satellite images taken with Landsat TM sensor in 2003 and images were classified with ERDAS imagine 2010 software. Sequestrated carbon was map up to agro-ecological zone level. Total economic value of IMlb, WM3b and IL3were US $ billion 473162.4 ha" ~1yr~(-1), US $ billion 467164ha ~(-1)yr~(-1) and US S billion 503835 ha 'V'respectively.Heist ES value among set of ES was tourism service ( 460299ha ~(-1)yr~(-1)).Margalef's index values related species richness of floral component in Owilla, Etanwala, Kadanbewa were 9.892, 10.408 and 8.697 respectively, Simpson diversity index were 7.317, 3.038 and 6.291 . Shannon-Wiener index values Owilla, Etanwala, Kadanbewa were 2.682, 2.087and 2.420 respectively. Faunal component related index values were Margalef s index, 11.318,11.97, 12.882, Simpson index 49.192 , 49.115,3.785 Shannon-Wiener index 3.948, 4.049, 4.178. Physiognomic formulas of forestgardens in Etanwala was V7pV6r,V5r,V4p,V3b;R3p,R2r;B6b;P6r,P5r;Ll-6 p;Glr. Owilla -V8bV7p,V6p,V5p,V4r,V3r,V2r;Glp;Ll-7 r;C4p;R5r,R4r and Kadenbewa- V7r,V6p,V5p,V4r,V3r;Glp;Ll-6 p;C4b;P5r;P67,P5r,p4r. 60% of household were forest garden as sole income source. Income was increased 93 % house hold through FG farming. Forest garden was significantly enhance the wellbeing of FG farmers( P value 0.000). Effective payment policy option was only the individual payment. Mid and high conditionality was significantly accepted by the farmers( p value>0.01). 81% of consumers were willing to pay 11%-20% additionally for FG products on behalf of ES.