The Relationship between Inattentional Blindness, Inattentional Insensitivity, Situation Awareness, and Performance in a Driving Simulator

摘要

Fifty-eight students at a small liberal arts college in northeastern United States participated in astudy of inattentional blindness (IB) and inattentional insensitivity (IIS). IIS is the inability todetect the sensation of a salient stimulus while performing a task within a congruent sensorymodality. Participants’ driving performance and situation awareness (SA) were tested in a drivingsimulator. Similar to previous research, IB was found to exist in about 45% of the participantswho watched the Invisible Gorilla video. However, over 80% of participants displayed IIS in atactile condition. Moreover, participants who displayed IIS showed better performance in SA. Inaddition, IIS participants were less likely to slam on the brakes when driving the simulatorcompared to participants who noticed the irrelevant tactile stimulus. Finally, it was found thatparticipants who have high working memory (WM) are more likely to correctly count the numberof basketball passes made in the Invisible Gorilla video than participants who have low WM.