Dual-functioning phage derived peptides have a high apatite binding affinity and facilitate hBMSC specific attachment on apatite surfaces. Both cell and mineral binding sequences contribute to apatite binding affinity and cell specificity. Centrifugation assay and histomorphometry indicate that DPI-VTK improved hBMSC initial attachment on apatite surfaces. This could result from a greater number of contacts or more specific contacts with cell surface receptors. Taken together, the results indicate phage display is a promising strategy to identify peptide sequences that promote the attachment of specific cell populations on a biomaterial.
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