Distribution of mass concentration and chemical analysis of particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10) in indoor parking lots in Korea

摘要

Number of vehicles in Korea has been rapidly increased from 14,580,000 to 18,662,000 in recent 10 years. This made the number of indoor parking lots to be expanded and therefore the facility users are more easily exposed to indoor air pollutants especially fine particulate materials. Many previous studies reported that the fine airborne particulate matters especially in the case of the diameter less 2.5μm than could be accumulated on the lung and bronchial tubes and lead to the lung cancer, asthma and so on when they are exposed for a long period of time. In this study, we collected airborne particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10) for 24 hours with mini volume air sampler in indoor/outdoor air of targeted 10 facilities from May 2011 to October 2012. In addition to survey the mass concentration of particulate matters, the 8 kinds of ions (CI-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and 2 kinds of carbons (Organic Carbon, Elemental Carbon) in particulate matters are analyzed by Ion chromatography and ICP/MS to find out indoor pollutant sources. As a result of chemical analysis, NO3- and SO42- showed higher concentration than the other 6 kind of ions due to the exhaust of vehicles in these indoor environments. The outdoor EC mean concentration of PM2.5 was 3.8 ± 1.0 μg/m3 and that of PM10 was 4.7 ± 1.5 μg/m3 respectively. On the other hand, the indoor EC average concentration of PM2.5 (3.8 ± 1.0 μg/m3) and PM10 (4.7 ± 1.5 μg/m3) was higher than that of outdoors. The reason the mean concentration of indoor particulate matters was about two times than that of outdoors is supposed to the generation and accumulation of EC by incomplete combustion of gasoline, diesel automobiles in indoor space. Beside, indoor parking lots had been remained high mass concentration due to frequent entry and exit of vehicles during operation time. And the highest mass concentration was recorded in the lunch time due to frequent uses of facilities.