Identification, prioritization and evaluation of potential New and Emerging Risk of Chemicals (NERCs) for Workers

摘要

Background New and emerging risks of chemicals (NERCs) continue to be reported despite existing laws and regulations put in place to limit the risks of dangerous substances at work. Quite often there is little or no knowledge of the harmful effects of substances that are used by workers. One of the reasons for this is the fact that the risk assessment is usually based on toxicological tests following oral exposure, while workers are exposed via the airways and the skin. Aim RIVM is arguing for a system that identifies NERCs as soon as possible to prevent workers from falling ill because of these NERCs. Methods An integrated approach was used for the identification of NERCs by the collection of case reports, periodic screening of literature and websites, data mining, health surveillance studies and analysis of secondary sources. Risk scores were identified by applying an Impact Analysis on potential NERCs based on the severity of the health effect and the likelihood of a causal relationship between exposure and health effect. Three risk priorities were identified by multiplying the risk scores with the manufacturing or use of the substance in the Netherlands. Subsequently, EU databases were consulted to check which measures were/are already being taken regarding registration, classification, Authorization and Restriction, etc.. Results A list of 49 NERCs was published and subsequently prioritized to address those substances that deserve the most attention. Sixteen substances had a 'very high priority' suggesting that there is an urgent need to investigate a possible causal relationship between the exposure and the health effect. Nineteen substances were categorized with a 'high priority', meaning that action is necessary. Fourteen substances had a 'low priority', meaning that minimal action is needed. The inventory showing the extent to which the 49 substances already are being regulated by REACH or other legislation shows that most actions are being taken on substances with a very high priority, with exception of diacetyl and crystalline silica. Most substances with a high or low risk priority have no harmonized classification and are not regulated within REACH. Conclusions: The proposed method is useful in the identification, prioritization and evaluation of worker NERCs.