Self-Reported Situations of Residential Heating and Ventilation Methods Among Shanghai Young Families

摘要

Based on 15,266 questionnaires which were filled out by parents of preschool children, this study investigated the distribution of heating and ventilation equipments and the habit of natural ventilation among young families in Shanghai. The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of child's mothers is 32.6 ± 3.8 years. The usage rates of coal stove, district heating, or individual heating are smaller than 0.5 %, floor heating 1.3 %, electric room heater 20.7 %, and others 2.0 %. The most common equipment for heating in winter is air conditioner (77.6 %). But 12.4 % of the families still have no residential heating. The usage rate of exhaust fan in kitchen and in bathroom is 16.1 and 78.6 %, respectively. Most of (86.2 %) the families have smoking exhaust ventilator in kitchen. In addition, 44.0, 62.0, 45.3, and 17.5 % of the families frequently open the windows in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The usage rates of those equipments and the habit in natural ventilation are significantly associated with the location of residences. Generally, more urban residents frequently open windows than suburban and rural residents. Our results indicate that more urbanization, more new-fashioned air-handled equipments are used in Shanghai families.