Modeling Emission Policies Through Travel Demand Mechanisms: An Analysis of the Best Reduction Strategies

摘要

Emission reduction strategies are gaining attention as planning agencies work towards adherenceto air quality conformity standards. As state departments of transportation (DOTs) andmetropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) struggle to find more options to reduce GreenhouseGases (GHG), emission pricing offers a solution. To consider emission pricing as an alternative,planners and policymakers will need tools to understand the implications on travel behavior ofprivate vehicle users. In this paper we present an integrated travel demand and emission model toincorporate policy strategies for emission reduction. First, the travel demand model determinesthe destination, mode and route choice of the users in response to a particular strategy set by theplanner. Second, the emission model provides GHG (NOx, VOC, and CO_2) estimates at a verydetailed level in the transportation network. A logit-based destination choice and mode choice isproposed and the user's response to a strategy in assignment is captured by Frank-Wolfealgorithm. A Base-case and four models are proposed to achieve emission reduction in amultimodal transportation network. Each model provides several insights to pollutant specificemission, how different function classes of the network are affected by policies, impacts onvehicle miles of travel (VMT), total system emission, and total system travel time. The completeframework is applied to Montgomery County's (located in the Washington DC-Baltimore regionin the United States) multimodal transportation network. It is observed that each model has a setof advantages and limitations in terms of emission reduction.