Managing Safety, Security, and Safeguards (3S) Relationship: A National Regulatory Authority Perspective United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission

摘要

The United States of America Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) is the nationalregulatory authority (NRA) for NRC licensed nuclear facilities in the United States andresponsible for ensuring effective safety, security and safeguards measures are implemented atthese facilities. The NRA of any State performs regulatory activities consistent with the degreeof risk reduction achieved while appropriately balancing the interest of the public and licensees.An effective NRA should also respect the value added in utilizing the recently proposed 3S(safety, security and safeguards) concept adopted from the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA) Nuclear Energy Series Guidance (NG-G-3.1) document presented at the 2008 G8Summit in Japan. Important to the management of risks associated with loss of nuclear materialas a function of its usefulness in constructing a weapon or sabotage within a facility itself is theeffective implementation of international obligations and guidance described by the IAEA in 3Sactivities. Similar to other States already using nuclear energy, the 3S concept will need toevolve throughout all life-cycle phases of facilities while handling, accounting for, andprotecting nuclear materials. Global expansion of nuclear energy will benefit greatly byintegrating safety, security and safeguards through the 3S concept-3S by design (3SBD) earlyin the design phase of front end fuel cycle facilities, reactors and spent fuel storage facilities.This paper will describe possible considerations by the NRC in pursuit of managing riskinformed integration of safety, security and safeguards from the proposed 3S perspective.