This study describes an anatomically realistic 3D bidomain model of whole-heart electrical activity. The heart was embedded in a human torso, incorporating spontaneous activation of the sinoatrial node and including conduction through the specialized conduction pathways with heterogeneous action potential (AP) morphologies throughout the heart. The model was able to generate realistic ECG waveforms, and is proposed as a useful tool for investigating the effects of altered myocardial electrical properties on the ECG.
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