This paper presents a 2011 study of India’s Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC). Qualitative methods wereused to study six villages in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. The research aimed to determine howimplementations and outcomes compare in Community-led Total Sanitation (software-oriented) andconventional (hardware-oriented) TSC approaches. Despite a national guideline that called for ademand-driven, community-led, incentive-based TSC, in reality most interventions were supply-led,infrastructure-centric, and subsidy-based. CLTS interventions were more awareness-focused, involvinglonger-term interaction with households. In conventional TSC interventions, excessive focus onconstruction and subsidies drove supply-led tendencies, neglect of software and participation, andexclusion of non-poor and lower-caste households. CLTS villages tended to achieve more sustequitable(sustainable and equitable) access and usage than conventional villages. Levels of local governmentcapacity and village leadership quality were key to intervention success.
展开▼
