Used in low-cost thermal imaging, 8-to-12µm infrared micro-bolometer hybrid detectors are very demanding in terms of offset skimming and technological fluctuation compensation: typical offset values are about 100 times larger than the signal, while the fixed-pattern noise (FPN) is about 10 times larger. State-of-the-art image sensors feature noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD), i.e. thermal resolutions, of about 50mK.
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