The lifetime and reliability of photovoltaic modules (PV modules) is influenced by defects which have their origin either in manufacturing processes or in operation exposure. Characterization of PV modules is necessary for manufacturers to assure their warranty and to observe process difficulties during production process and for improving their modules during development processes. For customers PV module characterization is important to observe output performance of their PV system and to proof intactness of single modules. For this purpose reliable and nondestructive testing methods are desirable.
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