APPLICATION OF GIS FOR JAPANESE ENCEPHLITIS RISK ZONE MAPPING BASEDON SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS -A CASE STUDY OF KAILALI, BADRIYA AND BANKE DISTRICTS OF NEPAL

摘要

In Nepal, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) that mainly occurs in Terai region has still remained a public health problem because the case fatality rate is 8-46.3%.The disease has been recognized high epidemic in 10 districts out of 24 JE affected districts. Affected area of Japanese Encephalitis and its risk zoning due to socio-cultural, environmental factors and its possible spatial relationship were investigated in JE of Banke, Badriya and Kailali districts of Nepal. About 12.5million population of Nepal are estimated to be at the risk of the disease. A structural questionnaire with twenty variables, all potential influencing the JE was designed to obtain information, personal interviews and discussion in both Japanese Encephalitis confirmed sample (JECS) and probable/suspected JE samples. Through questionnaire various data such as family details, human dwelling, occupational patterns awareness and knowledge about JE and mosquito protection practices, sanitation were collected. Each individual household in study area was defined as a sampling unit. All available confirmed JE patients taken as sample in study area were interviewed. Regression analysis was found to be appropriate technique in identifying social risk indicators contributing to increase transmission of disease. Improvement of socio cultural practices would have favorable effects on reducing JE cases. Weighted method was observed to be suitable technique which would be combined effect on reducing social risk factors contributing to the incidence of JE. Suspected /probable cases were only considered for reference of JE confirmed cases .Results indicate that out of twenty socio economic and socio cultural variables such as mosquito protection measures, poor economic condition, family culture, and awareness were significantly contributing for JE incidence. These variables are highly correlated with incidence of JE and value of R~2 equal to 0.934 when carried out the multiple regression analysis.