Energy and Carbon Costing of Breakwaters

摘要

With ever-greater pressure for carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction, many areas of industry are being forced to consider the emissions associated with their goods and services. It is accepted that by far the strongest influences on breakwater design are likely to remain construction or whole-life cost, but asserted that knowledge of relative carbon and energy costs of competing designs could influence a decision and that, in any case, the "carbon footprint" of a development should be known. This paper presents a methodology for assessment of carbon and energy costs of breakwaters. A series of fictitious, hydraulically-equivalent structures designed by Tutuaruma & d'Angremond (1998) is used as the basis for a comparison of embodied energy (EE) and embodied carbon (EC) costs across these structure types.