Antenna of Adjustable Bandwidth Based on a Pentagonal Array

摘要

Antenna characteristics are chosen according to the features determined by the systems where they will be used. While some systems require a very narrow bandwidth, others may operate with a much wider bandwidth. Some techniques used for increasing the bandwidth of a given antenna have considered mechanical adjustment of the air layer thickness, with the consequent change on the effective permittivity and performance. Some other systems consider a suitable choice of feeding techniques and impedance matching network. However, approaches for reducing the bandwidth have not received the same level of attention. Narrow bandwidth antennas are of particular interest in security and surveillance systems. In this work we present a technique, based on the design of a pentagonal antenna array, which allows for adjusting the bandwidth in either direction. The array is formed by an inner patch designed at the desired operating frequency of the system and a gap coupled external ring centered at a different frequency (lower or very near the operating frequency), which determines the potential bandwidth increment or decrement. The feed point is located on the inner patch. As a proof-of-concept, this work offers a tuning range that goes from -40% of the center frequency up to +50% of the center operating frequency of the patch antenna. The single patch antenna of this work was designed and simulated at an operating frequency of 4.9 GHz on RT/Duroid 5880.