Literature review indicates that little is known about traveler behavior, such astransfer and route choices, in large transit systems because of the number of alternative routesinvolved and lack of empirical data. Even many transit route assignment models have beendeveloped and ample automated fare collection (AFC) data has been collected, nearly no studyhas quantified how accurate of resulting flow assignments are, especially for transfer behaviors.However, as a multi-stakeholder system, it is essential to estimate passenger flows over Beijingrail transit network (BRTN) for revenue sharing and daily management/operation purpose. Inthis paper, major factors (including travel time and transfer cost) that influence passenger flowpattern in BRTN are considered. Specifically, a full transfer cost function, including transferwalking time, vehicle waiting time, and a penalty to additional transfers, is proposed to bettersimulate passenger's transfer behaviors. A general cost function for urban rail transit network ispresented and corresponding route choice behaviour of travelers is analyzed. An improvedlogit-based model is then presented for solving this network flow assignment problem. Thedepth-first method is used to search for "effective paths" among all O-D pairs. The averageerrors of estimated transfer flows from the proposed assignment model, which is proven to bemore realistic in searching a set of reasonable paths, are below 20%. The results indicate that themodels being developed in this study are capable of reasonably reproduce passenger's transferand route choices and thus helpful for understanding the behaviours of rail transit passengers.
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