This paper is a short history of unmanned air systems (UAS) in the U.S. Navy from World War I through the Unmanned Combat Air System Demonstration (UCAS-D) program. The paper argues that the Navy was probably correct not to invest significantly in UAS, especially carrier-based UAS, before the 1990s, because these systems were not sufficiently capable or technologically mature, and the operational need for UAS was dubious relative to manned aircraft. However, UAS technology has greatly advanced since 2000, and UAS have proven their worth in combat. The UCAS-D program will demonstrate that a tailless UAS designed for carrier compatibility and shaped for low observable relevance can safely operate from an aircraft carrier, as well as conduct aerial refueling via Navy and Air Force methods. This demonstration will support a potential follow-on acquisition milestone for a carrier-based UAS capable of providing persistent, penetrating surveillance and strike capability in high threat areas.
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