The authors set up an outdoor measurement system in Bangkok, Thailand for taking I–V characteristics of thirty PV modules (from ten manufactures) with meteorological data including solar spectrum irradiance in January 2006, and also set up a similar system in Gobi desert in Mongolia in 2002 and 2005. The change in spectrum irradiance mainly caused by the seasonal change in humidity affected the seasonal performance of a-Si considerably, though the effect of temperature change on the seasonal performance was relatively slight. Indices for characterizing solar spectrum and module temperature for energy ratings were introduced, and a simple regression model for predicting daily energy output of PV modules was verified.
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