Efficient Removal of Perchlorate from GroundwaterUsing Fixed-Bed Biological Treatment

摘要

In February 2007, a 10-month demonstration study was initiated in Rialto,California, to treat perchlorate-contaminated groundwater using fixed-bed (FXB) bioreactortechnology. The overall objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy ofusing FXB bioreactors and posttreatment to remove perchlorate from drinking water andto produce water that meets all regulations. The results of this study showed that (1) asFXB bioreactor treatment systems scale up, process efficiencies also go up (I.e., requiredcontact times to achieve sustained, robust perchlorate removal decreased substantiallyrelative to contact time requirements established during previous, smaller scale studies),(2) hydrogen peroxide reoxygenation, polishing filtration, and chlorination provide effectiveposttreatment, (3) system operation is straightforward, requiring no specialized trainingor extraordinary maintenance procedures, (4) the bacterial communities in thesesystems are largely gram-negative Proteobacteria, (5) site-specific performance of thesesystems can be predicted using a mathematical model developed as part of this demonstration,(6) costs for FXB biological perchlorate treatment systems can be low.