Kinetically Adjustable Pore-Space Dilation Bioaugmentationand Biostimulation Injections at CCAFS and PAFB

摘要

Kinetically adjustable pore-space dilation injection techniques are beingused for in situ treatment for both DNAPL source areas and dissolved halocarbon plumesat sites on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) and Patrick Air Force Base(PAFB), Florida. The hydraulic injection technique was pioneered and tested first atSpace Launch Complex 15 on CCAFS. Dye studies were performed to verify horizontaland vertical radius of influence for injections of vegetable oil. Along with vegetable oil,emulsified zero-valent iron (EZVI) was injected around an area of trichloroetheneDNAPL underlying the launch stand. The EZVI supplier has verified that the deliverytechnique leaves micelles intact. The technique was further developed for delivery ofvegetable oil, monoammonium phosphate and KB-1TM At Facility 60600 at CCAFS andfor vegetable oil and KB-1TM At Site OT-30 at PAFB. The system's ability to inject atmultiple points simultaneously shortened the estimated duration for performance of insitu treatment at both sites. “Slip-streaming” technology was also developed in order toinject dual-phase liquids simultaneously, thus reducing the need for separate injectionevents.This injection technology has proven adaptable and successful for subsurface applicationof materials including vegetable oil, emulsified zero-valent iron, KB-1TM, HRC(R)Products, and nutrient solutions. It has a variable velocity directional nozzle, which allowsnot only 360° injections, but 90°, 180°, or 270° injections, as dictated by site characteristics.The kinetically adjustable pore-space dilation hydraulic injection systemallows for variable injection flow rates. Variable flow rates are essential in allowingamendments to diffuse into limited pore spaces. High flow rates coupled with the multiconfigurablenozzle are utilized to increase kinetic influence and energize diffusion intothese limited pore spaces.As a result, a 15- to 22-ft. Radius of influence has been routinely observed. The hydraulicinjection system also provides instrumentation that allows real-time data collectionof flow rates, temperatures and pressures. To further enhance distributive contactinto the diffusion limited pore spaces, a staged lateral injection process is utilized. Thisprocess basically allows a more complete vertical in situ pore-space mixing betweenadjacent injection point locations.