Zero-Discharge Treatment System for the Wastewater from Scenic Environmental Sensitive Communities

摘要

The "Zero-Discharge" Wastewater Treatment System has been advocated for the scenic and/orhistorically preserving tourism spots. The Decentralized Wastewater Treatment (DWT) coupled with theLand Treatment Method has been found to be the most effective treatment system to achieve suchhistorically unachievable "Zero-Discharge" dream. The DWT, normally also referred as aerobic onsite orclustered wastewater treatment system, is installed to provide efficient treatment for group of residentialdwellings and businesses in sparsely distributed community. It has been reported that the performance ofcommercially manufactured DWT is adequate in some cases but its reliability is questionable. In reality,the roots of its lack of reliability, is caused by the inappropriate handling and disposal of treated effluent.The objective of this paper is to present an innovative sustainable design approach for DWT based onextended aeration principles and complete effluent utilization by land treatment.The integrated design approach, presented herein, has also incorporated the following considerations:environmental sustainability, protection against the contamination of surrounding environment,commercial viability, minimum maintainability, and the minimum amount of sludge production.Engineering design details for both DWT's with and without separate settling basin in compliance withthe current regulatory requirements have been developed and will be presented. In order to illustrate theapplicability of developed self-sustainable designs, real world examples will also be presented.