New Directions in Real-Time and Dynamic Control for Stormwater Management and Low Impact Development

摘要

Although the application of real-time and dynamic controls is commonplace inwastewater and combined sewer system management, the use of on-site dynamic controlsystems for stormwater has been limited. The availability of low cost, highly functional,internet accessible, programmable logic controller systems and single board computerplatforms and a new breed of large diameter, lower cost, low maintenance valve systemsare making real-time and dynamic controls viable options for both new construction aswell as retrofits of stormwater systems. The inclusion of dynamic control systems in onsitestormwater systems provides designers with an effective tool for meetingincreasingly complex stormwater suite of goals by retaining water as close as possible towhere it is generated and releasing it over an extended period to minimize the potentialeffects from stream ecological and morphological perspectives.Typical stormwater analysis and modeling is focused on developing designs thatpassively achieve stated goals; however, passive systems rarely represent optimalsolutions. Dynamic systems are particularly well suited for complex situations wheretiming, duration of flow, peak discharge, volume reduction and reuse, and water qualityare critically important. This paper focuses on describing the state-of-the practice, recentresearch by the authors, and new directions in applications, design, and equipment.Innovative applications that will be described include integration into low impact designs,flow-duration control, integration of embedded stormwater models, adaptive managementapproaches, water quality treatment optimization, and reuse. Case studies where suchimplementations have been explored as discussed.