ISRO has been carrying out in-depth studies in the area of space debris research and analysis, and specifically in the area of space debris modeling. The thrust areas of research includes models for low Earth debris on-orbit breakup simulation, evolution of debris clouds, the space debris environment in LEO and GEO, and the prediction of re-entry time of risk objects. Linear and Nonlinear methods, which avoid singularity in computation, to obtain velocity additions were developed and utilized for the fragmentation events. Detailed studies were carried out to assess the influence of launch time on the orbital lifetime of high eccentricity Geo Transfer orbits, which was used to analyze the orbital evolution of the orbiting upper stages of ISRO's GSLV missions. A long-term numerical propagator has been developed which includes the perturbation due to solar radiation pressure, third-body effects due to luni-solar forces and Earth's gravitation potential to study the perigee height variation over one hundred years, for INSAT class of satellites, was studied thoroughly with the initial perigee of the disposal orbit taken to be as per the recommendations of the IADC. This paper presents the salient aspects of these space debris-modeling efforts in ISRO and some of the results obtained during the studies.
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