Fate and Transport of Disinfection By-Products in Surface Waters Receiving Wastewater Discharges

摘要

The fate of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in surface waters, which could serve as downstream water supplies, receiving wastewater was evaluated (I.e., indirect potable reuse). This study modeled five potential loss mechanisms (I.e., biodegradation, hydrolysis, photolysis, sorption, and volatilization) in surface water for seven groups of DBPs: trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloaldehydes, haloketones, haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes, and nitrosoamines. When possible, fundamental chemical properties were used to predict critical parameters for the fate-and-transport equations. Otherwise, parameter estimates were based upon literature or laboratory experiments. Removals of the DBPs, over a fixed river reach, for three representative river systems (with variable depth and flowrate) were considered. Results showed that sorption by suspended solids (SS) in the river is not an important loss mechanism for any of the DBPs; and HAA loss by volatilization is negligible due to the presence of primarily deprotonated anions. The most significant removal mechanism for chloroform was volatilization.