Market Transformation Lessons Learned fromAn Automated Demand Response Test in Summer and Fall of 2003

摘要

A recent test to enable a fully automated demand response in large facilities has revealedseveral lessons that are important to consider for a wider application of Demand Response (DR).The automated demand response test used a web-based technology to provide a signal to energyusers to reduce simultaneously reduce electric loads. The test simulated possible future systemtoallow energy users to implement pre-programmed strategies to reduce electric loads on theelectric grid. The automated demand response system works by using the existing EnergyInformation Systems (EIS) and Energy Management and Control Systems (EMCS) at the sites.The six facilities recruited for the test differ in their organizational characteristics. Althoughthese organizations are all serving diverse purposes and customers, they share some underlyingcommon characteristics that make their simultaneous study worthwhile from a markettransformation perspective. These organizations contract out a major part of their technicalbuilding operating systems. Control systems and energy management systems are proprietary.Their systems do not easily interact with one another. This paper examines lessons learnedconcerning the organizational culture of the participants. The participants were large institutionsrun by a bureaucracies. The high level of outsourcing controls services complicates theirunderstanding of their control technologies, which are at the heart of enabling demand response.The participants expressed a sense of altruism toward demand response, recognizing it is a likelyand worthwhile activity fostered by state agencies.