A mechanical model of liquid sloshing is developed to investigate the longitudinal dynamic characteristics of partially filled liquid cargo tank vehicles during typical straight-line driving. The dynamic liquid motion is modeled by utilizing a mechanical system that describes the behavior of the liquid motion as a linear spring-mass model augmented with an impact subsystem for longitudinal oscillations. Computer simulation of tank vehicles under rough road conditions is performed by incorporating the forces and moments caused by liquid motion into the pitch plane vehicle model. The fifth wheel loads and the normal axle loads, which are key factors to vehicle structure design, fatigue analysis and vehicle performance characteristics, are computed using the mechanical system approach in order to investigate the influence of liquid motion. This study presents a new approach to investigate the longitudinal dynamic behavior of partially filled tank vehicles under large amplitude liquid sloshing.
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