Because internal stresses are high in workpieces during quenching, the influence of stress on phase transformations and transformation plasticity should be considered. Uniaxial experiments were used to investigate the interaction between stress and martensitic, bainitic transformation, and modeling of transformation plasticity during quenching. Equivalent stress based models were suggested to predict phase transformation and transformation plasticity coupled with internal stresses. Based on the models suggested by authors, an in-house FEM code NSHT was developed to predict the stress evolution and residual stresses of axisymmetric workpieces during quenching. The code was verified with quenched hollow cylinder specimens, and main factors affecting the accuracy of calculation results were analyzed. A quenching process of a large-scale turbine rotor was calculated.
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