Methods for evaluating fires and explosions of offshore and onshore upstream production systems

摘要

A review is presented for fire tests used to evaluate fire performance of materials and systems and systems found in onshore, offshore, and marine applications. Upstream installations, like many other types of installations, must take into consideration, the possibility of major fire threats from compartment fires, fuel spill pool fires and explosions, and jet fires. Test methods are addressed for major types of fire threats, and the special case of vapor cloud explosions is highlighted. A balanced approach for mitigation of fire and explosion threats is recommended. This approach combines small-scale tests to obtain material properties, a limited number of real-scale tests for computer model validation, and computer simulations to predict fire performance of systems in real fires.