Despite the safety reserves (e.g. limiting the design factor) that are built in when designing a pipeline, failure by external damage still is the most frequent cause of incidents on a pipeline system. The European Pipeline Research Group (EPRG) has conducted a substantial test programme over many years to address the issue of external damage, and this has resulted in and EPRG database consisting of 310 test results, of which 75 were performed on ring specimens and 235 on pressurised pipe sections.
展开▼
