Developments in Assisting Countries in Implementing the IAEA Additional Protocol

摘要

In 2008, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) began assisting selected non-nuclear weapon states in planning and preparing for implementation of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Additional Protocol (AP). Since then, the AP international implementation program has contributed to the substantial progress made by Vietnam, Thailand, Iraq, Malaysia, and the Philippines in preparing for entry-into-force of the AP. An overall engagement plan has been developed with components designed to train government AP implementing agencies, inform policy makers, conduct outreach to industry and universities, provide training on AP reporting software, and plan a detailed approach for implementing the declaration and complementary access provisions of the AP. NNSA recently began collaborating with Indonesia, which has already entered the AP into force, requiring a second method of engagement somewhat different from that taken with countries that have not entered the AP into force. The AP international implementation program, administered by the NNSA International Nuclear Safeguards and Engagement Program, is working more closely with NNSA’s International Nonproliferation Export Control Program to ensure countries are aware of and prepared to implement the export/import provisions of the AP. As the AP implementation program matures and helps move countries closer to entryinto- force or improved AP implementation, it is identifying characteristics of a country’s “end-state” to indicate that NNSA assistance is no longer needed. The U.S. AP Implementation Act and Senate Resolution of Ratification require the Administration to report annually to Congress on measures taken to achieve the adoption of the AP in nonnuclear weapon states. DOE’s AP international implementation program, begun before the Act, is a significant part of these measures. This paper describes recent developments to increase the scope and effectiveness of the program.