SUB SEA development and new challenges for operators on the norwegian continental shelf. where are we and where do we go?

摘要

There has been a continuous development of subsea producton equipment, from simple diver assisted installations operated from enarby facilities to diverless retrievable modules operated from remote installations. The first subsea completion on the Norwegian continental shelf started up in 1971 at Ekofisk and remained on stream for some years. The great breakthrough for subsea production developments came 12 years later when North East Frigg came on stream with the first multi-well template. The latest development is the operation of diverless production systems producing to and controlled from dedicated floating vessels such as Njord, Asgard and Snorre B.See fig.2.