This paper summarizes the results of a 1-ha large-scale bioremediation field experiment of oil-contaminated soil in Kuwait's desert. Three techniques were used: landfarming, windrow composting soil piles and static piles fitted with an enforced aeration system. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) values decreased rapidly during the first 4 mo and then more gradually over the subsequent months. After 15 mo, 75 to 80
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