Applying 'RNA' remediation by natural attenuation and enhanced 'RNA' to petroleum hydrocarbon and chlorinated groundwater remediation

摘要

The objective of this paper is to present an overview of remediation by natural attenuation (RNA) and enhanced RNA for both petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The term remediation by natural attenuation refers to naturally occurring processes in soil and groundwater environments that act without human intervention to reduce the mass, toxicity, mobility, volume or concentrations of contaminants in these media. These in-situ processes include biodegradation, dispersion, dilution, adsorption, volatilization, chemical or biological stabilization, or destruction of contaminants. Enhancement of remediation by natural attenuation refers to the human addition of either electron donors (e.g. organic carbon) or electron acceptors (e.g. dissolved oxygen) to increase the intrinsic biodegradation rate.