JOINT PRICING OF NEW AND REFURBISHED ITEMS: COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CLOSED-LOOP SUPPLY CHAIN STRUCTURES

摘要

We investigate a joint pricing problem on new and refurbished items in a closed-loop supply chain, which consists of a manufacturer, a seller and a refurbisher. We propose six different supply chain structures considering the integration and decentralization of three supply chain processes, and we compare their different characteristics and performances. Then, we suggest the guideline for the structural changes of a supply chain by investigating additional losses and/or savings of fixed operating costs due to the integration and/or outsourcing of processes.