The IBM SP is one of the most powerful commercial MPPs, yet, in spite of its fast processors and high network bandwidth, the SP's communication latency is inferior to older machines such as the TMC CM-5 or Meiko CS-2. This paper investigates the use of Active Messages (AM) communication primitives as an alternative to the standard message passing in order to reduce communication overheads and to offer a good building block for higher layers of software. The first part of this paper describes an implementation of Active Messages (SP AM) which is layered directly on top of the SP's network adapter (TB2). With comparable bandwidth, SP AM's low overhead yields a round-trip latency that is 40% lower than IBM MPL's. The second part of the paper demonstrates the power of AM as a communication substrate by layering Split-C as well as MPI over it. Split-C benchmarks are used to compare the SP to other MPPs and show that low message overhead and high throughput compensate for SP's high network latency. The MPI implementation is based on the freely available MPICH version and achieves performance equivalent to IBM's MPI-F on the NAS benchmarks.
IBM SP是功能最强大的商用MPP之一,尽管其具有快速的处理器和高的网络带宽,但SP的通信延迟不如TMC CM-5或Meiko CS-2等旧机器。本文研究使用活动消息(AM)通信原语作为标准消息传递的替代方法,以减少通信开销并为高层软件提供良好的构建块。本文的第一部分描述了Active Messages(SP AM)的实现,该实现直接位于SP的网络适配器(TB2)之上。在具有可比较的带宽的情况下,SP AM的低开销产生的往返延迟比IBM MPL的往返延迟低40%。本文的第二部分通过将Split-C以及MPI分层放置在AM之上,展示了AM作为通信基质的功能。 Split-C基准用于将SP与其他MPP进行比较,并表明低消息开销和高吞吐量弥补了SP的高网络延迟。 MPI实施基于免费提供的MPICH版本,并达到了与NAS基准上的IBM MPI-F相当的性能。 P>
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