The Impact of Environmental Policy in Firms Behavior: a System Dynamics Approach

摘要

Pollution control policy has relied on the use of comand and control (e.g.emission standards) and market based (e.g.emission taxes or permits) instruments, to promote the attainement of established environmental quality objectives. In the design of such instruments a process-oriented approach, directed to the control of emissions in production processes has traditionally been followed. More recently, the adoption of a productoriented approach, where the environmental performance of products is controlled, namely through a life-cycle analysis, has been viewed as an alternative and a complement to traditional environmental policy instruments (Santos & Antunes, 1993).