An optical modulation calculation method was given for an electrochromic device (ECD). Optical modulations of three type of ion storage layers, e.g., cathodically coloring, anodically coloring and netral passive materials, were evaluated in terms of single layer active materials. Optical modulations of these ion storage layers were also evaluated in ECD. The results were compared to define the most efficient ECD system. The optical efficiency was defined in terms of charge in the system and corresponding optical performance of the active layers and their combinations. The coloring efficiencies of active layers and ECDs were used to measure optical modulations.
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