A multi-stage blind clustering algorithm is proposed for equallsadon of M-QAM channels.A novel hierarchical decomposition divides the overall task of equalising a highorder QAM channel into much simpler sub-tasks.Each subtask can be accomplished fast and reliably using a blind clustering algorithm derived originally for 4-QAM signals.The well-known constant modulus algorithm(CMA)is used as a benchmark to assess this novel multi-stage blind equaliser and it is demonstrated that the new blind adaptive algorithm.achieves much faster convergence.This multi-stage clustering cqualiset only requires slightry more computations than the very simple CMA and,like the latter.its computational complexity does not increase as the levels of digital symbols increase.
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