We examine several critical issues concerning beam formation, efficiency optimization, and short-wavelength effects in the design of recently proposed two-stream relativistic klystron amplifiers. A scheme is proposed for producing two annular relativistic electron beams. The optimal efficiency of two-stream RKAs is found to obey a favorable scaling law, and is estimated to be greater than that of nonrelativistic two-stream amplifiers by one order of magnitude. Short-wavelength effects are shown to be significant at high frequencies.
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