Iris is an object-oriented database management system being developed at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories [1], [3]. This videotape provides an overview of the Iris data model and a summary of our experiences in converting a computer-integrated manufacturing application to Iris. An abstract of the videotape follows.
Iris is intended to meet the needs of new and emerging database applications such as office and engineering information systems, knowledge-based systems, manufacturing applications, and hardware and software design. These applications require a rich set of capabilities that are not supported by the current generation (i.e., relational) DBMSs.
The Iris data model is an object and function model. It provides three basic constructs
Iris provides good separation among its three basic notions. This simplifies the data model making it easier to learn and easier to implement since there are fewer constructs than other object models. In addition, it facilitates Iris support for the following desirable features. Schema evolution: new types and functions may be added at any time. Object evolution: Iris objects may have multiple types and may acquire and lose types dynamically. Object participation in functions may be required or optional (e g, everyone has birthdate but not everyone has a phone number). Data independence: the implementation of a function is defined separately from its interface. Thus, the implementation of a function may change without affecting applications that use it. Functional extensibility: an Iris function may be implemented as a stored table, computed as an Iris expression, or computed as a subroutine in a general-purpose programming language. Thus, any computation can be expressed as an Iris function Schema and data uniformity: the metadata is modeled and manipulated using the primitives of the data model. Also, system functions (create type, delete object, etc) are invoked in the same manner as user functions. Thus, users need learn only one interface. Set processing: Iris supports set-at-a-time processing for efficient retrieval and update of collections of objects.
To evaluate the usefulness of the Iris prototype, a project was undertaken to convert a large relational application to Iris [2]. The relational system contained nearly 200 relations and 2500 attributes. When transcribed to Iris, the schema size was reduced by over a third. There are two reasons for this large reduction. First, in the relational schema, many attributes were simply foreign keys required for joins. In the Iris schema, function inheritance through the type hierarchy eliminates the need for many of these foreign keys. A second reason for the schema reduction was that compound keys were replaced by object references. This permitted several attributes in a relation to be replaced by a single identifier
It was noted that application programs were easier to read and develop using the Iris schema. The Iris OSQL (Object SQL) language was a fairly natural interface for users familiar with SQL. The use of function composition and function inheritance and a large number of joins that, in the relational system, must be expressed by comparing keys. The function-orientation of Iris encouraged
Finally, since there are few tools and methodologies for using object-oriented database management systems, the ability of the Iris schema to easily evolve was valuable in iteratively refining the Iris schema. Also, the Iris Graphical Editor was a useful tool in graphically displaying the schema and browsing function definition and instances.
Iris数据模型是对象和功能模型。它提供了三个基本构造 为了评估Iris原型的有用性,进行了一个项目,将大型关系应用程序转换为Iris [2]。关系系统包含近200个关系和2500个属性。当转录为虹膜时,架构大小减少了三分之一以上。大量减少有两个原因。首先,在关系模式中,许多属性只是连接所需的外键。在虹膜模式中,通过类型层次结构的函数继承消除了对许多这些外键的需求。模式减少的第二个原因是复合键被对象引用所替代。这样就可以将一个关系中的多个属性替换为单个标识符 P>
要注意的是,使用Iris架构更易于阅读和开发应用程序。对于熟悉SQL的用户来说,Iris OSQL(对象SQL)语言是一种相当自然的界面。在关系系统中,必须通过比较键来表示功能组合和功能继承以及大量联接的使用。 Iris的功能导向鼓励
机译:IRIS:一个调查已知人类免疫系统基因的数据库。
机译:基于虹膜颜色的虹膜数据库的粗索引
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机译:虹膜识别使用智能手机相机在可见光中获得的虹膜图像数据库
机译:IRiSS和JIRiSS-用于软件系统中概念定位的交互式搜索工具。
机译:数据库方法和交付。集成异构资源:集成学术信息管理系统(IAIMS):BioSYNTHESIS:将多个数据库集成到虚拟数据库中
机译:虹膜生物识别系统的数据库:调查
机译:ada编译器验证摘要报告:证书编号:910711W1.11189 GsE Gesellschaft fur software-Engineering mbH meridian ada,4.1版sGI personal Iris W-4D25 = sGI personal Iris W-4D25,Irix system V 3.3 Irix system V 3.3。