Carroll's (1991) minimal manual has been considered an important advance in teaching first-time users the basics of computer programs. Unfortunately, it is not very clear what minimalism really means. Practitioners, for example, will find it difficult to create their own minimal manual because the principles of minimalism have not been described in enough detail (see Horn, 1992; Tripp, 1990). It is also not yet settled that a minimalist approach is the most effective one because critical experiments have hardly been conducted. This study therefore closely examines the minimalist principles and claims.
This paper describes the basic ideas of minimalism, its design principles and how they can be operationalized. A parallel is drawn between a minimalist and constructivist perspective on learning and instruction. Like minimalism, constructivism places a high value on experience-based learning in context-rich environments. Like minimalism, it stresses the need to capitalize on the learner's prior knowledge as much as possible. And like minimalism, constructivists urge learners to follow their own plans and goals, to make inferences, and to abstract principles from what they experience (see Duffy & Jonassen, 1991, 1992).
An experiment is reported that examines the claims of minimalism. Strong and significant gains on several factors were found, all favoring the minimal manual over a control (conventional) manual. The discussion points to several issues that minimalism has yet to address.
本文介绍了极简主义的基本概念,其设计原理以及如何对其进行操作。在学习和指导的极简主义和建构主义观点之间有相似之处。与极简主义一样,建构主义在上下文丰富的环境中也非常重视基于经验的学习。像极简主义一样,它强调需要尽可能多地利用学习者的先验知识。就像极简主义一样,建构主义者敦促学习者遵循自己的计划和目标,进行推理,并从他们的经验中抽象出原理(见Duffy&Jonassen,1991,1992)。 P>
据报道,有一项实验检查了极简主义的主张。发现在多个因素上取得了可观且显着的进步,所有这些因素都比起控制(传统)手册,更倾向于使用最小的手册。讨论指出了极简主义尚未解决的几个问题。 P>
机译:EPA由于监视器数量少,在评估CO方面采用了极简主义方法
机译:大剂量阿糖胞苷患者的小脑评估:护理评估和记录的标准化方法。
机译:约翰·卡罗尔(John Carroll)的《纽伦堡漏斗》和简约文档
机译:框架文档的简约方法
机译:突破临界点:詹姆逊式技术文档编制方法。
机译:急性护理手术结算编码和文件系列第1部分:基本评估和管理(E / M)急诊部E / M延长服务成年重症监护文件和编码
机译:评估计算机用户文档的最低限度方法
机译:用于总体部队能力评估(TFCa)的战略和战区部队比较的净评估方法和关键数据元素。第三卷。海军模型的初步文件。