Abstract: This paper describes the in vitro (40 MHz) and in vivo (30 MHz) results of studies performed on human vessels using a mechanically rotated single element ultrasonic imaging system. The in vitro images were matched with the corresponding histologic cross-sections. Morphology of vessels and possibility to determine the extent of atherosclerosis were assessed by two blinded observers. Echographic images with an echolucent zone were seen to correspond with muscular type of arteries. The echographic images showing no echographic distinction between the various layers were seen to correspond with either elastic type of arteries, veins, veins used for bypass, or bypass Goretex grafts. The extent of atherosclerosis could only be assessed in the muscular type of artery. The data showed close correlation with histology (r = 0.89). In vivo studies (30 patients) revealed a characteristic three-layered appearance of the distal iliac and femoral artery. Normal cross-sections were readily differentiated from non- obstructive and obstructive lesions. In all these patients the hypoechoic muscular media served as an important landmark.!
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