EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT –SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM THEDECEMBER 2004 SUMATRA-ANDAMANISLANDS EARTHQUAKE AND INDIAN OCEANTSUNAMIS

摘要

The devastation and loss of life caused by the December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Islandsrnearthquake and Indian Ocean tsunamis was a clear demonstration of the power andrnunpredictability of nature and the vulnerability of man. This catastrophe once again reinforcedrnthe urgent need for global attention to natural hazard and risk management.rnIdentifying and assessing natural hazards is an essential component of the risk managementrnprocess. This paper provides an overview of earthquake-related hazards as well as guidancernon how to consider these hazards in the site selection process for new facilities. Seismicrnground-shaking is historically the most significant earthquake hazard to man-made structuresrnwith the hazard from flooding associated with tsunamis a significant threat in coastal areas.rnThe seismic hazards of fault rupture, liquefaction, soil differential compaction, andrnlandsliding should also be considered. In addition, there are collateral hazards associated withrnearthquakes that may affect facility performance in the aftermath of an earthquake. Theserninclude: damage to lifelines (transportation, communication and utility networks), damage tornsupport facilities, damage to adjacent structures which store hazardous materials, and postrnearthquake fires.rnSpecific guidance on actions to be taken to assess earthquake related hazards during the siternselection process including a simple checklist for site analysis are provided. The guidancernprovided is illustrated with case study examples and reports on some lessons learned from thernDecember 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake.